How do you treat lytic and lysogenic (latent) viral infections?

How do you treat lytic and lysogenic (latent) viral infections?
I know the difference between the two but i can't find good information on how to treat each. (im looking for like, where in the cycles can u treat etc)

Best answer:
While viral latency exhibits no active viral shedding nor causes any pathologies or symptoms, the virus is still able to reactivate via external activators (i.e. sunlight, stress) to cause an acute infection. In the case of Herpes simplex virus, which generally infects an individual for life, a serotype of the virus reactivates occasionally to cause cold sores. The sores are quickly resolved by the immune system, however may be a minor annoyance from time to time. In the case of varicella zoster virus, after an initial acute infection (chickenpox) the virus lies dormant until reactivated as herpes zoster.

More serious ramifications of a latent infection could be the possibility of transforming the cell, and forcing the cell into uncontrolled cell division. This is a result of the random insertion of the viral genome into the hosts own gene and suppression of host cellular growth factors for the benefit of the virus. A famous event of this actually happening with gene therapy through the use of retroviral vectors is the Necker Hospital in Paris, where 8 young boys received treatment for a genetic disorder, after which 4 developed leukemia[11].

This is also seen with infections of the human papilloma virus in which persistant infection may lead to cervical cancer as a result of cellular transformation[12][13][14].

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Latent HSV Infection

The synthesis of viral gene products (both RNA and proteins) takes place in three sequential periods. The first set of viral gene products consists of six proteins known as immediate early proteins. Of these, five regulate the reproductive cycle of the virus, and one blocks the presentation of antigenic peptides on the infected cell surfaces.

Immediate early Proteins are essential for the synthesis of the second set of viral gene products, known as early proteins. Most of the early proteins are responsible for viral nucleic acid metabolism and are the main target of antiviral chemotherapy. The third class of proteins is for the most part the structural components of the virion. They assemble to form the capsid and tegument, and they incorporate into nuclear membranes for eventual envelopment of virions.

In the process of viral assembly, a procapsid is formed from scaffolding and capsid proteins. The scaffolding proteins consist of a protease and its substrate, with the protease cleaving the substrate during capsid assembly. The newly synthesized DNA is cleaved into unit-length molecules and packaged into the virions. Generally, envelopment favors capsids containing DNA.

Capsids containing DNA attach to the nuclear surface of the inner nuclear membrane and are rapidly enveloped and released into the space between the inner and outer nuclear membranes. Here, the virions become encased in transport vesicles and are transported through vesicles formed by fragmented and dispersed Golgi stacks to the extracellular space.

The latency of HSV has been recognized biologically since the beginning of the century. Following entry and infection of nerve endings, both HSV-1 and HSV-2 are transported by retrograde movement to the nuclei of sensory ganglia. The available evidence indicates that the virus multiplies in a small number of sensory neurons.

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In the majority of the infected neurons, the viral genome remains in an episomal state for the entire life of the individual. Reactivations occur following a variety of local or systemic stimuli such as physical or emotional stress, fever, exposure to ultraviolet light, tissue damage, and immunosuppression.

Patients treated for trigeminal neuralgia by the sectioning of a branch of the trigeminal nerve have developed herpetic lesions along the innervated areas of the sectioned branch. Reactivation of latent virus appears dependent on an intact anterior nerve route and peripheral nerve pathways. Recurrences occur in the presence of both cell-mediated and humoral immunity.

Recurrent herpes labialis is three times more frequent in febrile patients than in nonfebrile controls. Latent virus can be retrieved either unilaterally or bilaterally from the trigeminal, sacral, and vagal ganglia of humans. The recovery of virus by in vitro cultivation of trigeminal ganglia helps explain the observation that vesicles recur at the same site in humans, usually the vermilion border of the lip.

Little is known regarding the mechanisms by which the virus establishes and maintains a latent state or is reactivated. In fact, disagreements exist on the fate of neurons in which latent virus has become reactivated. Herpes infections are much more common than most people realize. Herpes cures are among the most difficult dermatological treatments to have success with.

OutbreakBalm-Rx is a potent anti-herpes agent vital in the treatment of HSV. Topical application of this antiviral treatment inhibits and kills the herpes virus, making it an important and versatile remedy for home use in the fight against herpes. It comes as no surprise that application of this product during prodrome, the tingling before an outbreak, can prevent herpes blisters forming, aborting the pending flare up altogether.

OutbreakBalm-Rx is composed of naturally occurring high intensity antiviral extracts which have a lethal effect against herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 upon exposure. This treatment provides maximum and rapid penetration of antiviral agents into cell membranes without damaging human cells. The anti HSV properties in OutbreakBalm-Rx are highly pronounced and well documented.

The mode of action of OutbreakBalm Rx as an anti-herpes agent is particularly interesting not only in consideration of its ability to inactivate the extra cellular herpes virus at very low concentrations, but also for its ability to inhibit the cell-to-cell virus diffusion in already infected cells, which makes this product one of a kind and superior to all others. To learn more, please go to http://www.naturespharma.org.

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